演员类型|Overview
一个cast holds a broken bone (断裂) in place and prevents the area around it from moving as it heals. Casts also help prevent or decrease muscle contractions and help keep the injured area immobile, especially after surgery, which can also help decrease pain.
铸件
The hard, outer layer of a cast is made of either plaster or fiberglass. Cotton and other synthetic materials are used to line the inside of the cast to make it soft and provide padding around bony areas, such as the ankle, wrist, or elbow. This also pads nerves and blood vessels.
- Plaster casts can be molded to your child’s arm or leg. They come in one color, white.
- 玻璃纤维铸件比石膏铸件更耐用和轻巧。它们有多种颜色和设计。
Waterproof casts
Special waterproof cast liners may be used under a fiberglass cast so the cast can get wet without falling apart. These waterproof liners can only be used after the injured area has stopped swelling, usually a week or two after the initial injury. Waterproof casts can’t be used after surgery or when pins are used because of the risk of infection.
Your child can take a bath, shower, and even swim in a pool with a waterproof cast. However, they should not sit in a hot tub, go to the beach, or swim in the ocean or a pond while wearing their waterproof cast.
防水铸件必须每天完全浸入水中，以使铸件的衬里保持良好状态。应该由经验丰富的临床医生或技术人员将其删除，他们了解防水铸件的特定需求。
Split (Bivalve) Casts
For some injuries, the first cast may be split in order to allow room for swelling. The sides of the bivalve cast will be taped with cloth medical tape. The cast is secured from the inside at the top and bottom, so if the tape starts to peel, the cast should not fall apart. You can buy more tape at a local pharmacy in case the tape does start to peel off. If everything looks good at a follow-up appointment, your child’s doctor may apply a new layer of casting material to close the bivalve cast and prevent it from becoming too loose as swelling comes down.
上肢的铸件（手臂，手腕，手指）
短手臂
- used for forearm and wrist fractures
- 在肘部下方施加到手
- 手术后还用来固定前臂或腕部肌肉和肌腱
长臂铸件
- used for upper arm, elbow, or forearm fractures
- applied from the upper arm to the hand
- also used to hold the arm or elbow muscles and tendons in place after surgery
Shoulder Spica Cast
- 用于肩膀脱位或肩部区域手术后
- applied around the trunk of the body, the shoulder, arm, and hand
下肢的铸件（臀部，腿，膝盖，脚踝）
短腿铸件
- 用于低腿骨折，脚踝骨折和严重的脚踝扭伤和应变
- 还用来将腿或脚部肌肉和肌腱固定在手术后，以便愈合
- applied to the area below the knee down to the foot
- 一旦骨折足够稳定，可能会踩踏，以承受重量而不会重新施加
- not appropriate for most children under the age of 3, who may kick off the short leg cast
Leg cylinder cast/long leg cast
- used for knee or lower leg fractures, knee dislocations, or after surgery on the leg or knee
- applied from the upper thigh to the ankle or foot
- 通常用膝盖弯曲以防止在演员表上行走
单侧髋关节spica铸造（也称为单髋辣形）
- used for thigh (femur) fractures
- 手术后还用来固定臀部或大腿肌肉和肌腱
- applied from the chest to the foot of the affected leg
一半半的Spica演员
- used for thigh (femur) fractures
- 手术后还用来固定臀部或大腿肌肉和肌腱
- applied from the chest to the foot on one leg, and to the knee on the other leg, with a bar placed between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobile
Bilateral hip spica cast (also known as double hip spica)
- 用于骨盆，臀部或大腿（股骨）骨折
- 手术后还用来固定臀部或大腿肌肉和肌腱
- long leg: applied from the chest to the feet, with a bar between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobile
- short leg: applied from the chest to the thighs or knees
一个bduction A-frame cast
- used to hold the hip muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow time for healing
- 从大腿上的上涂到脚上，两条腿之间放置一个条，以保持腿和臀部不动
Clubfoot cast
- 用于治疗马蹄内翻足
- 从大腿上涂到脚趾
- usually changed every 5-7 days
Resources
演员类型|铸造和维护
演员是常见的治疗方法断裂s. Casts are used to immobilize injured bones, promote healing, and reduce pain and swelling while the bone heals. They are sometimes put on an arm or leg after surgery to protect the bone and ensure it remains in proper alignment.
一个pplying a bone cast
Getting a cast put on is not painful. You and your child will be brought into the cast room by one of our cast technicians. The cast application will vary depending upon what类型的演员your child will be receiving. Your cast technician will go over the specific details with you.
获得骨骼的步骤是什么？
- 一个stockinette将放在皮肤上以保护它。这将成为演员边缘周围的袖口，并有助于保持填充完整。
- 一个layer ofsoft cotton paddingwill be wrapped around the stockinette. This will help keep the injured limb more comfortable inside the cast.
- 一个layer of玻璃纤维或石膏铸件将围绕棉花填充。干燥后，玻璃纤维或石膏形成坚硬的外壳。这将在骨骼愈合时保护和稳定。在这个阶段，演员将是白色的。
- Finally, if your child has a fiberglass cast, they will be able to choose a color for final layer of the cast.
Your child will feel warmth as the fiberglass gets hard. It will not burn but should feel warm like a bath. This reaction will last about 10 minutes. It will take less than five to 10 minutes for the cast to completely set.
Can my child get a waterproof cast?
This is a good thing to ask about during your appointment. A waterproof cast might or might not be the right option for your child. If your child is eligible for a waterproof cast, they will need to wait at least one to two weeks before switching to a waterproof cast. This is because the tissues around a broken bone often swell at first. Many insurance companies do not cover the cost for a waterproof cast. If not, you may purchase a special waterproof sleeve to protect your child’s plaster or fiberglass cast.
防水铸件是浴室，淋浴和游泳池的理想选择。您的孩子不应在海洋，热水浴缸，海滩或池塘中穿防水。沙子和碎屑可以进入铸件内并刺激皮肤。
防水铸件必须每天完全浸入水中，以使铸件的衬里保持良好状态。When the time comes, make sure an experienced clinician or technician removes your child’s waterproof cast.
Moving around while in a cast
如果您的孩子的腿骨折并且已被指示不要承担演员的体重，则有许多辅助设备可以帮助他们解决：
- crutches
- 步行者
- wagons
- wheelchairs
- reclining wheelchairs
- kneeling scooters (appropriate for adolescents)
Removing a cast
删除儿童是一个可怕的事情。The cast technician will use an oscillating saw to remove the cast. An oscillating saw does not spin, it rapidly vibrates back and forth. The cast saw makes a lot noise. Some children are afraid of this at first, but start to laugh when they feel the vibration of the saw cutting through the cast material.
告诉您的演员技术员，您的孩子是否挑选了一些填充物或将任何东西放在演员阵容中非常重要。
Caring for your leg or arm cast
Once your child has been fitted with a cast there are important guidelines to follow. Our cast technicians will go over these instructions with you and your child.
铸造护理
- Keep the cast clean and dry. The best way to keep a cast dry when bathing is to put two bags over the cast. Place a bag on the cast, then apply a towel around the top of the cast with tape, followed by the second bag. This does not make the cast waterproof, but it will help protect it from splashing. If the cast does get splashed on, you can use a hairdryer on cool or low to dry it. If the cast gets very wet you will need to have the cast changed within 24 hours, as the moisture can damage the skin underneath the cast.
- 经常检查演员阵容中是否有裂缝或断裂。如果找到一个，请与孩子的医生联系。
- 在您的孩子进食时盖住演员阵容，以防止食物溢出和面包屑进入演员阵容。
Skin care with a cast
- Do not scratch the skin under the cast by inserting objects or fingers inside the cast.
- Do not put small toys or objects inside the cast.
- 避免沙子，污垢和覆盖物。松散的颗粒可能会进入演员表并刺激孩子的皮肤。
- Do not put powder or rub lotion inside the cast.
保持孩子舒适
- You can use a hair dryer on a cool setting to blow air under the cast and cool down hot, itchy skin but never blow warm or hot air into the cast.
- 将铸件抬高到心脏水平以上，以减少肿胀。
- Encourage your child to move their fingers or toes to promote circulation.
- If the cast irritates your child’s skin, contact your pediatrician or clinic. They may be able to suggest measures you can take at home to protect your child’s skin.
Caring for a body cast
有身体铸件的大孩子可能需要使用床盆或小便池才能去洗手间。以下技巧将有助于保持身体干净干燥并防止皮肤刺激：
- Keep the genital area as clean and dry as possible.
- 在生殖区域周围使用尿布或卫生餐巾，以防止尿液泄漏或溅出。
- 将卫生纸放在床盆内，以防止尿液溅到铸造或床上。
如果我的孩子的演员弄湿了，该怎么办？
如果您的孩子的演员表已湿，请立即致电617-355-6021与我们联系。
除非您的孩子有防水铸件，否则湿的铸件会导致并发症并需要立即注意。
一个nurse will decide if your child needs to be seen that day, or the next. If your child’s fiberglass or plaster cast has gotten wet, your child may need to be seen that day.
If your child’s cast gets wet after normal business hours, please contact the orthopedic physician on call through the page operator at 617-355-6000. Your child may need to be seen in the emergency department to have their cast changed.
什么时候打电话给孩子的医生
如果您的孩子出现以下症状，请与孩子的医生或医疗保健提供者联系
- fever greater than 101 degrees Fahrenheit
- increased pain
- increased swelling above or below the cast
- complaints of numbness or tingling
- drainage or foul odor from the cast
- 凉或冷的手指或脚趾