Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

什么是atonsillectomy and adenoidectomy?

Tonsils are small, round pieces of tissue located in the back of the mouth on both sides of the throat. Adenoids are similar to tonsils but located in back of the nasal cavity.

当它们变大并且发炎并开始导致频繁感染时，通常会移除扁桃体和腺样体。去除扁桃体的程序称为扁桃体切除术，并且腺样体的去除被称为adenoidectomy. Because they are often removed at the same time, the procedure is referred to as a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, or T&A. The surgery is most commonly performed in children.

什么是atonsillotomy?

A tonsillotomy is the partial removal of the tonsils. Studies have shown that, compared to a full tonsillectomy, children often recover more quickly with less pain after a tonsillotomy. Both procedures relieve upper airway obstruction, however, some children’s tonsils grow back after a tonsillotomy, and their symptoms return.

为什么我的孩子需要一个T＆A？

如果您的孩子重复由炎症引起的扁桃体和腺样感染，则可能会建议进行T＆A.tonsillitisand adenoiditis— that do not respond to more conservative treatments.

如果扁桃体和腺样导致功能问题，您的医生可能决定T＆A是最好的选择，例如：

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
recurrent infections
扁桃体
trouble swallowing
肿瘤在喉咙或鼻腔通道中
bleeding from the tonsils that cannot be stopped
鼻腔通道的重大堵塞和不舒服的呼吸

The American Academy of Otolaryngology offers these guidelines to determine if a child should have a T&A:

seven sore throats in one year
five sore throats in each of two years
three sore throats in each of three years

The sore throats may be associated with the following:

Feverabove 101°F
discharge on the tonsils
positive strep throat culture

在T＆A期间会发生什么？

大多数T＆A手术是在门诊的基础上完成的。这意味着您的孩子会有手术，然后在同一天回家。在手术期间，您的孩子将在手术室中麻醉。外科医生将通过口腔移除您孩子的扁桃体和腺样。皮肤不会切割。

在大多数情况下，在手术后，您的孩子将进入一个康复室，可以密切监测。在您的孩子完全清醒并做得好后，恢复室护士将使您的孩子带回当天的手术区。

此时，如果一切顺利，你和你的孩子将能够回家。如果您的孩子将在医院留下晚上，您的孩子将从康复室带到他们的房间。

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |In Depth

What are tonsillitis and adenoiditis?

当腺样腺样从感染发炎时，会发生腺样体炎。

症状tonsillitisvary greatly depending on the cause of the infection, and can occur either suddenly or gradually. The following are the most common symptoms of tonsillitis. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

sore throat
fever(either low-grade or high-grade)
头痛
decrease in appetite
not feeling well
nausea and vomiting
stomach aches
painful swallowing
visual redness or drainage in the throat

扁桃体炎的症状可能类似于其他条件或医学问题。始终咨询您孩子的医生进行诊断。

症状adenoiditis vary greatly depending on the cause of the infection, and can occur either suddenly or gradually. The following are the most common symptoms of adenoiditis. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

通过嘴巴呼吸
嘈杂的呼吸
snoring
nasal speech
periods at night when breathing stops for a few seconds

症状adenoiditis may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.

有些孩子可能被称为耳朵，鼻子和喉咙外科医生，以使扁桃体和腺样体除去。这种手术被称为扁桃体切除术和腺样体切除术（T＆A）。通常，同时除去扁桃体和腺样，但有时只会移除一个。你孩子的医生会和你讨论这个问题。

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |Tests & Diagnostics

有扁桃体切除术和腺样切除术的原因是什么？

The reasons for this surgery are not well defined, and physicians may differ in their views. The following are some of the more widely accepted reasons for having a T&A:

睡眠呼吸暂停，或在您的孩子停止呼吸时的夜间
trouble swallowing
肿瘤在喉咙或鼻腔通道中
bleeding from the tonsils that cannot be stopped
鼻腔通道的重大堵塞和不舒服的呼吸

The following are T&A Guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology:

seven sore throats in one year
five sore throats in each of two years
three sore throats in each of three years

The sore throats may be associated with the following:

fever超过101°F（华氏）
discharge on the tonsils
positive strep throat culture

Here are some additional reasons for removing the adenoids and tonsils that are more controversial:

bad snoring
喉咙中的复发感染或脓肿
recurrent耳朵感染
hearing loss
慢性的sinusitis或在鼻窦中感染
constant mouth breathing
频繁寒冷
咳嗽
bad breath

What happens during tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy?

TonsilleCectomy和腺体切除术（T＆A）手术是对美国儿童进行的常见主要手术。每年进行大约400,000个手术。对T＆A的需求将由您孩子的耳朵，鼻子和喉咙外科医生确定并与您讨论。大多数T＆A手术是在门诊的基础上完成的。这意味着您的孩子会有手术，然后在同一天回家。

在手术期间，您的孩子将在手术室中麻醉。外科医生将通过口腔移除您孩子的扁桃体和腺样。皮肤不会切割。

在大多数情况下，手术后，您的孩子将会进入康复室，他/她可以密切监测。在您的孩子完全清醒并做得很好后，恢复室护士将使您的孩子恢复到日常外科地区。

此时，如果一切顺利，你和你的孩子将能够回家。如果您的孩子将在医院留下晚上，您的孩子将从康复室带到他/她的房间。通常，您已经在房间里见到您的孩子。

Bleeding is a complication of this surgery and should be addressed immediately by the surgeon. If the bleeding is severe, your child may return to the operating room.

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |Treatments & Care

在扁桃体切除术和腺体切除术后，如何照顾我的孩子？

We recommend the following:

增加液体摄入量
pain medication, as prescribed
no heavy or rough play for a duration of time recommended by the surgeon

有扁桃体切除术和腺体切除术的风险是什么？

任何类型的手术都会对孩子带来风险。大约5％的儿童开始在手术后大约五到八天从手术部位出血，并且可能需要额外的血液和/或手术。由于手术，有些孩子可能会改变他们演讲的声音。以下是可能发生的其他一些并发症：

bleeding (may happen during surgery, immediately after surgery, or at home)
dehydration (due to decreased fluid intake; if severe, fluids through an intravenous, or IV, catheter in the hospital may be necessary)
fever
呼吸困难（手术周围的区域肿胀;如果没有立即治疗，可能是危险的危及）