经皮肾术

A percutaneous nephrostomyis performed when there is blockage or obstruction in the part of the urinary tract draining the urine between the kidneys and bladder. This part of the urinary tract is called the renal collecting system.

在此过程中，通过肾脏将导管放入肾脏收集系统中。导管的放置在图像指导下完成，这意味着使用超声和X射线拍摄的图像或图片用于指导导管的放置。

经皮肾术的适应症包括有或没有相关感染的肾脏收集系统的阻塞或阻塞。具体诊断包括：

• hydronephrosis
• 输尿管肠腔连接阻塞
• ureterovesical junction obstruction

您将获得有关到达时间和饮食准备时间的详细说明。

Some children may need to have an appointment in the pre-op clinic.

• 您将与手术前护士，麻醉师和介入放射学护士见面。
• 可以进行实验室测试。
• 根据孩子的历史，可能需要进行其他测试。
• Please plan on at least two to four hours for the pre-op visit.

您的孩子可能会接受全身麻醉，以帮助他在手术过程中保持静止。全身麻醉是导致深度睡眠的药物。麻醉师将与您讨论此问题并获得同意书，无论是程序的日期还是在预定的术前访问中。

Explain in simple terms why the procedure is needed and what will happen.

• Assure your child that you will be close by during the procedure.
• 您的孩子可能会将最喜欢的玩具或毯子带入房间。

A staff person from Admitting, Day Surgery, or our Preoperative Clinic will call you a few days before the procedure to tell you where to go when you come to the hospital.

• When you arrive, the interventional radiologist will talk with you about the procedure and ask you to sign a consent form. You must be your child’s legal guardian to sign this form.如果您是法定监护人，而不是父母，则必须随身携带法律文书工作，以显示法律监护权的证明。
• 您的孩子会变成医院礼服。
• A nurse or anesthesiologist may start an intravenous (IV).
• 您和您的孩子将被带入完成手术的房间。护士或麻醉师将通过静脉注射一些药物来帮助您的孩子放松。您可能会留下来直到您的孩子入睡。
• If your child is young, he may go to sleep with medicine and a mask.
• You will be waiting in a special area until your child’s procedure is done and he is settled in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).

• Your child will be asked to lie prone (on his stomach) on an x-ray table.
• 介入放射科医生将通过超声探针检查孩子的肾脏。
• Once your child is sedated or under general anesthesia, the skin on his back will be washed with a special iodine solution.
• Sterile drapes will be placed over your child to prevent infection.
• 注射局部麻醉（麻木医学）后，介入放射科医生将使用超声探针进行指导，将针头直接传递到肾脏的收集系统中。超声引导使介入放射科医生可以看到从皮肤，肾脏，肾脏中含有肾脏的液体的最佳路线。
• 该针头用于注入对比介质，以突出X射线监视器图像上肾脏内的收集系统。然后，放射科医生可以确定收集系统是否被阻塞，如果是这样，则确切的阻塞在哪里。
• 然后将针头换成导管。一旦导管到位，尿液就可以通过导管从肾脏流出，从而减轻了肾脏的压力。通过导管排出的尿液也可以进行测试，以确定是否存在感染，并确定最佳的抗生素药物。在某些情况下，导管可用于将抗生素和其他药物直接注入肾脏中。

• A nurse will take your child to the Interventional Radiology Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). You will be allowed to come to the recovery area.
• The nurse will monitor your child closely until your child is admitted or returned to his hospital bed.
• The interventional radiologist will speak with you about the procedure.

Percutaneous nephrostomy, when performed by an appropriately trained and experienced interventional radiologist, is a safe procedure which can usually be performed under sedation. As with all invasive procedures, complications and side effects may occur. These will be explained to you in detail before you give your consent.

您的孩子将在手术过程中暴露于电离辐射（X射线）。我们认为，对孩子健康的好处大于经皮肾造口术期间发生的暴露。由于儿童比成人对辐射暴露更敏感，因此我们一直是调整设备和程序以向年轻患者提供最低剂量的领导者。

介入放射科医生将在手术后立即告知您结果。如果您有任何疑问，请与孩子的医生交谈。