Vaginitis

What are the symptoms of the vaginitis?

Each type has a different cause and may present different symptoms, and more than one type of vaginitis may be present at one time (with or without symptoms).

Candida (yeast infection)

• Yeast infections, as they are commonly called, are caused by one of the many species of fungus known as candida, which normally live in the vagina in small numbers.
• 酵母菌感染也可以存在于雄性和女性中的消化道中。
• 口腔中的酵母菌感染也被称为“thrush”。

What causes a vaginal yeast infection?

Since yeast is normally present and well-balanced in the vagina, infection occurs when something in the body upsets this normal balance, for example, an antibiotic to treat another infection. In this case, the antibiotic kills the bacteria that normally protects and balances the yeast in the vagina. In turn, the yeast overgrows, causing an infection.

Other factors that can cause this imbalance to occur include:

• 怀孕，改变激素水平
• diabetes, which allows too much sugar in the urine and vagina

阴道酵母菌感染的症状是什么？

虽然每个雌性可能会以不同的方式出现酵母菌感染的症状，但最常见的一些包括：

• a thick, white cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge that is watery and usually odorless
• itchiness and redness of the vulva and vagina

Who is at risk for vaginal yeast infections?

尽管任何雌性都可以发展出酵母菌感染，但女性的风险可能会增加：

• have had a recent course of antibiotics
• are pregnant
• 糖尿病无法控制
• 正在使用免疫抑制剂药物
• 正在使用高雌激素避孕药
• have a thyroid or endocrine disorder
• 正在接受皮质类固醇治疗，这会减慢免疫系统

Bacterial vaginosis

• 细菌性阴道病（BV）是生殖年龄女性中最常见的阴道炎类型。
• Unlike a yeast infection, BV is caused by bacteria.
• With a bacterial vaginosis infection, certain species of normal vaginal bacteria grow out of control and trigger inflammation.
• 细菌性阴道病的原因尚不清楚。

细菌性阴道病的症状是什么？

While each adolescent may experience symptoms differently, some of the most common include:

• a milky, thin discharge at times, or a heavy, gray discharge
• "fishy" odor of discharge

The symptoms of bacterial vaginosis may resemble other conditions. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

滴虫病

• 毛孔病，毛瘤或“ trich”是一个性传播感染。
• It is caused when a one-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis passes between partners during sexual intercourse.
• 由于大多数患有trichomonisis的雄性都不会出现任何症状，因此感染通常未被发现，直到女性出现症状。

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

虽然每个青少年可能会出现滴虫病的症状，但最常见的是：

• a frothy, often musty-smelling greenish-yellow discharge
• itching in and around the vagina and vulva
• burning during urination
• discomfort in the lower abdomen
• 性交期间的疼痛

衣原体

• 衣原体是美国最常见的性传播疾病，尽管它常常无法诊断。
• 在18至35岁的年轻女性中，最常被诊断出患有多个性伴侣。
• 如果未经治疗，衣原体通常会导致骨盆炎性疾病（PID），从而增加了女性不育的风险，骨盆粘连，慢性骨盆疼痛和异位妊娠（子宫外怀孕）。
• 衣原体, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, exists in a number of different strains.

What are the symptoms of chlamydia?

Unfortunately, many females have no symptoms, thus prolonging diagnosis and treatment and possibly spreading the disease. While each female may experience symptoms differently, the most common include:

• 阴道排出增加
• 轻血，尤其是在性交之后
• pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
• burning during urination
• pus in the urine
• 尿道和阴唇的发红和肿胀

How is chlamydia treated?

通常，衣原体的治疗涉及服用抗生素。

Viral vaginitis

病毒是阴道炎的常见原因，最常见的是通过性接触传播。最常见的两个病毒是单纯疱疹病毒（HSV或简单的“疱疹”）和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）。

With HSV (herpes):

• 主要症状是与病变和疮有关的生殖区域的疼痛。这些疮通常在外阴或阴道上可见，但偶尔在阴道内，只能在骨盆检查中找到。
• 通常，压力或情感状况可能是引发疱疹爆发的因素。

与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）：

• 痛苦的疣可能在阴道，直肠，外阴或腹股沟上生长。但是，可见的疣并不总是存在，在这种情况下，通常通过子宫颈抹片检查检测病毒。
• There is now a vaccine that prevents the types of HPV most cases of cervical cancer and genital warts.
  • The vaccine, Gardasil®, is given in three shots over six-months.
  • The vaccine is routinely recommended for 11 and 12 year old girls. It is also recommended for girls and women age 13 through 26 who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series.

非感染性阴道炎

• 非感染性阴道炎usually refers to vaginal irritation without an infection being present.
• 大多数情况下，这是由对阴道喷雾剂，冲洗或杀精子产物的过敏反应或刺激引起的。
• 非感染性阴道炎也可能是由于对香精，洗涤剂或织物软化剂的敏感性引起的。

非感染性阴道炎的症状是什么？

虽然每个女孩的症状可能不同，但最常见的一些包括：

• vaginal itching
• 阴道燃烧
• 阴道排出
• pelvic pain（特别是在性交期间）

导致阴道炎的原因是什么?

Many things can cause vaginitis, including:

• bacteria
• yeast
• viruses
• chemicals in creams or sprays
• 衣服会导致阴道炎
• 之间传递的生物性伴侣

此外，阴道环境受许多不同因素的影响：

• your child's health
• 她的个人卫生
• medications and hormones (particularly estrogen)
• the health of her sexual partner
• her clothing (including tight jeans and synthetic fiber underwear)

A disturbance in any of these factors can trigger vaginitis.

How is a vaginitis diagnosed?

Diagnostic procedures foryeast infectionsoften include:

• 完整的病史
• a microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge
• physical and pelvic examination

How is bacterial vaginosis treated?

细菌性阴道病通常用口服抗生素治疗。

Diagnosing trichomoniasis:

有些妇女可能没有表现出任何症状，但仍然有病情。毛滴虫病的症状可能类似于其他疾病或医疗问题。始终咨询您的医生以进行诊断。

有哪些治疗可用于阴道炎？

治疗yeast infection

• anti-fungal, vaginal creams and suppositories
• 阴道片
• antibiotics

治疗trichomoniasis

Both partners must be treated for trichomoniasis so that they don't re-infect each other. Treatment generally involves taking oral antibiotics. If a female has more than one sexual partner, each partner (and any of their other partners) should also be treated.

治疗noninfectious vaginitis

非感染性阴道炎的治疗通常包括雌激素霜或口服片剂，这些剂量可以恢复润滑并减少酸痛和刺激。