经前综合症（PMS）

As many as 75 percent of girls and women experience unpleasant symptoms or painful pelvic cramps before or during their monthly menstrual cycle, called premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

• Some girls and women have significant PMS symptoms, but are able to forget about them after a pain reliever. For others, periods bring so much discomfort that they have to miss school or work.
• 估计估计有10％的女性具有症状，因此这种情况被认为是残疾的。
• PMSsymptoms may last from a few hours to many days.
• Although PMS symptoms usually cease when menstruation starts, some girls may have PMS that lasts throughout their menstrual cycle.

What are the symptoms of PMS?

有很多可能的PM症状。每个青少年的经历都不同。常见症状包括：

Psychological symptoms

• 易怒
• nervousness
• difficulty concentrating
• 沮丧
• fatigue
• anxiety
• emotional hypersensitivity
• 哭泣的咒语
• 喜怒无常
• sleep disturbances

Gastrointestinal symptoms

• abdominal cramps
• bloating
• constipation
• nausea
• vomiting
• 骨盆沉重或压力
• backache

Fluid retention

• periodic weight gain
• breast fullness and pain

Skin problems

• acne

Other symptoms

• 头痛
• diminished sex drive
• 增加食欲和食物渴望

经前综合症的原因是什么?

Premenstrual syndrome seems to be related to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone in the body during the menstrual cycle. The symptoms don't necessarily signal an ovarian condition. Suggested causes of PMS include:

• estrogen-progesterone imbalance
• hyperprolactinemia (an excessive secretion of prolactin, the hormone that stimulates breast development)
• excessive aldosterone, or ADH (hormone that helps to regulate the metabolism of sodium, chloride, and potassium)
• 碳水化合物的代谢变化
• 肾脏保留钠和水
• 低血糖
• allergy to progesterone
• psychogenic factors

我们如何照顾PMS

At theDivision of Gynecology和Reproductive Endocrinology and PCOS Programat Boston Children's Hospital, we understand the issues that a teenage girl or young woman deals with during PMS. Our staff provides high qualitytreatment和counseling, especially if her symptoms are extreme and disrupt her daily activities.