Optic Neuritis ON |症状和原因
有什么症状？
The symptoms of ON can affect one or both eyes. They include:
- 模糊的视野
- 彩视
- complete loss of vision
- 眼睛疼痛
什么原因是什么？
ON is an“自身免疫”情况通常是在感染之类的寒冷的. Yourimmune system保护您的身体免受细菌和病毒之类的侵害，但自身免疫性疾病会使您的身体的免疫系统感到困惑。它没有与细菌或病毒作斗争，而是攻击您的健康细胞和组织。在ON上，您的免疫系统会反应您的视神经。自身免疫性并不具有传染性，但可能是遗传性的（从父母那里继承）。
在疫苗接种中也可能会进行疫苗接种，尽管这很少见。在某些情况下，无法确定特定的触发因素/原因。
Optic Neuritis ON |诊断和治疗
How is ON diagnosed?
There’s no specific test used to diagnose ON, but there are several exams and tests your doctors may choose to look at, including:
- your child's medical history
- a neurological examination
- a brain MRI scan to look for swelling in the optic nerve
- 腰椎穿刺(spinal tap) to make sure that there is not an infection in the spinal fluid, such as脑膜炎或者encephalitis, and to measure the pressure in the spinal fluid
- blood tests to look for infectious triggers and for other conditions that can be confused with ON
- 侧视（称为视野）和视神经的电函数（称为视觉诱发电位）的特殊眼科测试，由眼科医生（眼科医生）进行
为了进行测试并接受治疗，患有ON的儿童通常住院一周。
如何治疗？
Medications are used to reduce the inflammation (swelling) in the optic nerve in ON. The main medication that is used is called methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol™), which is a corticosteroid given by IV once a day for three to five days.这种药物与某些运动员使用的非法类固醇完全不同。大多数患有高剂量的甲基丙糖酮的儿童。
Optic Neuritis ON |Frequently Asked Questions
治疗的副作用是什么？
Most children tolerate medication very well, although some children can develop temporary moodiness or other behavioral changes.
Steroids can also cause increases in blood pressure and blood sugar, which your doctors and nurses will check for and treat if necessary. In addition, steroids can irritate the stomach lining. In such cases, medication such as ranitidine (Zantac™) is usually given to prevent stomach irritation.
我的孩子会因药物而离开医院吗？
Some children will be placed on a steroid medication for a short time. While on prednisone, a medication to prevent your child from having stomach irritation may also be prescribed.
预后是什么？
Steroid treatment can reduce some visual symptoms and stop new symptoms from developing. Although the long-term prognosis for children with ON varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. For most children, recovery begins within days and continues for up to one year. Some patients can have residual symptoms such as blurred vision or decreased color vision.
会影响我孩子的学校表现吗？
大多数孩子都回到基线学校表现，但是有些孩子的学校工作可能会遇到新的困难。这可能是由于几个因素，包括疾病期间错过的上学日子以及视力改变。如果您注意到孩子的学校表现发生变化，那么重要的是要让您的医疗提供者知道，以便他们可以与学校合作制定教育计划。
Will my child get ON every time he/she has an infection?
No. In most patients, ON occurs only once; in some patients, however, it can re-occur. When it re-occurs, the symptoms can be identical to the initial episode but can also be different. It is not known why patients develop ON with certain infections at certain times.
如果您在感染过程中发现症状，认为您认为是不寻常的，例如混乱，视力变化，无力，麻木或失衡 - 立即通知您的医生很重要。
与multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化症）？
Both ON and MS involve autoimmune responses to myelin; they are both "demyelinating" disorders. Symptoms common to both disorders include loss of vision. Corticosteroids are used to treat attacks of both ON and MS.
How is ON different from MS?
尽管儿童可以发展MS，但在成年人中更为常见。MS的常见症状，例如无力，麻木或失去平衡。
大脑MRI也有线索可以区分与MS。最重要的是，通常仅发生一次，而患有MS的患者在大脑和脊髓中反复发作。大多数MS患者接受持续的药物治疗，以防止这种攻击。患有ON的患者不需要这种药物。
Can a child with ON develop MS in the future?
尽管大多数孩子没有，但一些最初有的孩子如果有新的攻击影响大脑或脊髓的其他部位，可以发展MS。因此，重要的是要与您的医生进行持续的跟进。如果您发现新症状，例如视觉丧失，弱点，麻木或失去平衡，请立即让医生知道。
What will the follow-up be after my child is discharged from the hospital?
After you leave the hospital, it's important to follow up with your neurologist and ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic. We will perform a neurological and eye examination on your child. A follow-up brain and/or spinal cord MRI and visual field testing may also be done.