阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）

什么是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停？

如果您的孩子打nores或在晚上呼吸困难，他或她可能不仅是一个嘈杂的卧铺。这可能是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的迹象，在睡眠期间呼吸反复阻塞。OSA影响约2％至5％的儿童和青少年。

当鼻子或喉咙后部的上呼吸道被阻塞时，就会发生OSA，从而防止正常的空气进入肺部。睡眠呼吸暂停涉及整个晚上经常发生的简短（10至20秒）呼吸停顿（呼吸暂停）。这些暂停会导致氧气水平暂时降低，这使大脑提醒问题。然后大脑通过唤醒熟睡的人再次呼吸。尽管呼吸恢复，但这些短暂的醒来破坏了睡眠。

OSA可以使儿童白天疲倦，烦躁或过度活跃，并在学校的潜力低下。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的症状是什么？

有时在儿童中很难发现阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的症状。OSA的孩子也可能不会睡觉，即使他们睡得不好。OSA的症状也可能因孩子和问题的严重程度而有所不同。

常见症状可能包括：

• 打s
• 在睡眠中呼吸暂停,持续10 to 20 seconds and often end in a gasp, snore, snort, or sigh
• 张开或脖子伸展睡觉
• restless sleep
• 晚上经常醒来
• 睡眠期间出汗
• tiredness, moodiness, irritability, or hyperactivity during the day
• difficulty waking in the morning
• dry mouth or头痛in the morning
• 夜间床润湿，夜间几个月或几年干燥后返回

如果您认为您的孩子可能有OSA，请与您的初级保健提供者交谈。他或她可能会将您推荐给睡眠专家进行全面评估，睡眠研究。

What are the causes of obstructive sleep apnea?

OSA是由于喉咙后部的上呼吸道阻塞引起的。堵塞的常见原因包括：

• 扁桃体和腺样体的扩大（喉咙后部的海绵状组织）
• fat deposits around the upper airway due to being overweight or obese
• 过敏，，，，哮喘，，，，窦感染， 或者gastroesophageal reflux
• 某些医疗状况，例如Down syndrome一个d Prader-Willi syndrome
• craniofacial conditions如Pierre Robin sequence，，，，APERT综合征，，，，一个dCrouzon综合征
• 影响肌肉张力和功能的神经肌肉疾病，例如肌营养不良症一个d脑瘫

我们如何诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停

To help diagnose your child’s condition, the clinician will take a detailed medical history and perform a full physical examination. He or she may also:

• 一个sk questions about your child’s breathing during sleep and any other symptoms he or she is having
• 一个sk you to take a video or keep asleep log。A sleep log tracks how many hours your child sleeps, how many times he or she wakes up, and his or her level of alertness in the morning. A short video of your child sleeping taken on your cell phone can also be very helpful to document your child’s symptoms. If you have already have these, be sure to bring them to your appointment.

哪些测试用于诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停？

Your clinician may also want to run a few tests to evaluate your child. These may include:

• 一个x-rayof your child’s upper airway
• 一个多理解图（睡眠研究）to measure different types of data and record sleep stages, breathing, oxygen levels, heart rate, body movements, and sleep disruptions

How we treat obstructive sleep apnea

照顾阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会对孩子的整体健康产生深远的积极影响。

If your child has been diagnosed with OSA, there are many effective treatments. These may include:

• 超重儿童的体重减轻
• 鼻类固醇和其他减少鼻充血的药物，特别是在患有过敏或哮喘的儿童中
• 口服（牙科）电器以打开气道
• 使用连续或双层正气道压力（CPAP或BIPAP）机器在睡眠期间保持气道打开
• 上呼吸道的肌肉再培训（肌功能疗法）
• surgery to remove the tonsils or adenoids (tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy) or to correct any abnormalities in facial structure

我们如何照顾阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停

At Boston Children’s Hospital, the specialists in ourSleep Center包括一支由董事会认证的临床医生组成的团队，接受了肺医学，神经病学，发育医学，耳鼻喉科（耳朵，鼻子，喉咙或ENT）和牙科的培训。睡眠呼吸暂停是由腺样体和扁桃体扩大引起的儿童耳鼻喉科和沟通增强系。