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Overview

What is hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism (also known as overactive thyroid) occurs when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone (thyroxine). Hyperthyroidism is relatively rare in childhood, occurring in about 1 in 5000 children and adolescents. With the right diagnosis and management, hyperthyroidism is a treatable disease, and your child can go on to live a full, active and enjoyable life.

What causes hyperthyroidism?

甲状腺功能亢进有几种可能的原因。

Graves disease是儿童和青少年甲状腺功能亢进症的最常见原因。这是个自身免疫性障碍in which the body produces thyroid-stimulating antibodies, which stimulate the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone.

新生儿坟墓疾病甲状腺机能亢进的最常见的原因是新的吗borns. This happens after a mother with Graves disease passes her thyroid-stimulating antibodies to her child, causing the baby to have a temporary case of hyperthyroidism. Neonatal Graves disease goes away once the mother’s antibodies are cleared from the baby’s bloodstream, usually after a few weeks.

自动甲状腺结节(also called有毒或热nodules) are growths in the thyroid gland that produce too much thyroid hormone.

甲状腺炎当甲状腺发炎时发生，导致过多的甲状腺激素从受损的甲状腺中渗出并进入血液中。甲状腺炎可能是由感染，自身免疫性疾病，辐射暴露或某些药物引起的。甲状腺炎引起的甲状腺功能亢进是暂时的，通常在八到12周内消失。

甲状腺功能亢进的症状是什么？

Thyroid hormone has important effect on almost every organ in the body, including the brain, heart, bone, skin, and intestinal tract. In hyperthyroidism, excessive amounts of thyroid hormone can cause symptoms from any of these organs. Excess thyroid hormone increases metabolism and can cause weight loss, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat. It can also affect your child’s mood and ability to concentrate, making them nervous, irritable, and anxious. In infants, too much thyroid hormone can result in developmental delay.

甲状腺功能亢进症的体征和症状可能包括：

  • 难以增加体重
  • 快速或不规则的心跳
  • 高血压
  • frequent bowel movements
  • 温暖，潮湿的皮肤
  • always feeling hot (even when others are not)
  • 颤抖
  • 紧张
  • irritability
  • trouble concentrating
  • 学校表现不佳
  • 凝视或隆隆的眼睛
  • 甲状腺肿大的症状，例如麻烦吞咽或在婴儿中呼吸困难

甲状腺风暴（或甲状腺毒性危机）是甲状腺功能亢进的严重并发症。当孩子的甲状腺激素水平严重升高时，就会发生这种情况。尽管甲状腺风暴很少见，但可能会威胁生命。甲状腺风暴的最重要症状是高温或精神状况的变化（例如混乱或嗜睡）。如果您怀疑您的孩子可能正在经历甲状腺风暴，则应始终寻求立即医疗服务。

我们如何照顾波士顿儿童医院的甲状腺功能亢进症欧宝彩票平台

这甲状腺中心at Boston Children's Hospital is one of the first and largest centers in the United States devoted exclusively to the care of children with thyroid disease. Our clinicians and staff are involved in numerous studies about the various aspects of thyroid disease and thyroid function in childhood.

我们的中心以我们的丰富经验为特色：

  • 甲状腺（甲状腺扫描）的核医学成像，以确定甲状腺功能亢进的原因；
  • 甲状腺功能亢进症的放射性碘治疗 - 这种疗法作为胶囊或液体，使用甲状腺对碘的天然需求来治疗过度活跃的甲状腺细胞；
  • 手术for hyperthyroidism (including Graves disease and autonomous thyroid nodules), when appropriate.

Diagnosis & Treatment

如何诊断甲状腺功能亢进？

诊断甲状腺功能亢进始于完整的病史，然后进行身体检查。为了确认诊断，您孩子的医生可能：

  • 请求血液检查以检查孩子的甲状腺激素和/或甲状腺刺激抗体的水平（Graves病的测试）
  • perform thyroid imaging studies, such as a thyroid scan or ultrasound, to determine the size, shape, function and position of the thyroid gland

How is hyperthyroidism treated?

Graves disease

Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. The goal of treatment is to decrease the function of the thyroid gland back to normal so that it produces a normal amount of thyroid hormone.

这re are three types of treatment for Graves disease:

  • 抗甲状腺药物通过阻止甲状腺制造甲状腺激素的能力来工作。这些药物不会损害甲状腺本身。在许多患者中，抗甲状腺药物可以维持正常的甲状腺激素水平多年。一些对抗甲状腺药物反应良好的患者最终可能能够停止服用并保持正常的甲状腺功能。抗甲状腺药物通常是安全的，但可能会产生罕见但严重的副作用，因此需要仔细监测。
  • 放射性碘利用甲状腺自然需要碘来治疗过度活跃的甲状腺细胞。放射性碘被永久破坏甲状腺，但不会影响身体的其他部位。一旦甲状腺被破坏，患者将需要服用甲状腺激素药物。
  • 手术to remove the thyroid gland is very effective for treating Graves disease. This procedure is generally safe but rarely can have serious complications. For this reason, it is important that the procedure be performed by an experienced thyroid surgeon. Lifelong thyroid hormone medication is needed after the thyroid is removed.

对Graves疾病的其他治疗方法可能包括改善症状的药物（如心pit和焦虑），可以暂时使用，直到上面的三种治疗方法之一将甲状腺激素水平降低到正常状态。

新生儿坟墓疾病

新生儿坟墓疾病is a temporary condition that lasts only until the mother’s thyroid-stimulating antibodies have been cleared from the baby’s circulation. Until the condition goes away, antithyroid drugs are used to control the baby’s overactive thyroid. With prompt treatment, babies usually recover completely within a few weeks. However, either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may occur later in the first year of life, so continued monitoring by a physician is important.

自动甲状腺结节

自动甲状腺结节通常是良性的。他们的治疗取决于它们产生多少甲状腺激素，以及这是否引起甲状腺激素过量的症状。

  • Autonomous nodules that are slightly overactive and cause no symptoms can often be observed without treatment.
  • 非常活跃或引起症状的结节可以通过药物，手术或（在18年的患者中）放射性碘消融治疗。

我们治疗自主结节的方法与美国甲状腺协会建议的方法略有不同，美国甲状腺协会建议对儿童的所有自主结节进行手术。我们的方法是基于我们在这种情况下的丰富经验（在美国甲状腺协会的发布后出版了这一点），表明经过仔细的评估，可以在不手术的情况下安全地管理一些自主结节。

甲状腺炎

甲状腺炎引起的甲状腺功能亢进通常是暂时的，并且在8-12周内消失。因为我们无法使这种甲状腺功能亢进的速度更快地消失，所以治疗集中在控制任何症状（例如pal和焦虑症）之前，直到疾病自行消失为止。有时，这种类型的甲状腺功能亢进之后是甲状腺功能减退症（甲状腺功能低下），因此医生继续监测很重要。

Programs & Services

部门s

Endocrinology

部门

Boston Children's Hospital - Division of Endocrinology

Programs

甲状腺中心

Program

波士顿儿童医院甲状腺中心为患有各种甲状腺疾病的婴儿，儿童和青少年提供临床评估和治疗。
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