Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic anemia is a sub-type of贫血, a common blood disorder that occurs when the body has fewer red blood cells than normal. In hemolytic anemias, the low red blood cell count is caused by the destruction — rather than the underproduction — of red blood cells. It occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can make them. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.

类型的溶血性贫血

There are two types of hemolytic anemia:

• Inherited hemolytic anemia(also called intrinsic hemolytic anemia) is caused by a defect in the red blood cells themselves and result when one or more genes that control red blood cell production don’t function properly. With these conditions, red blood cells are destroyed earlier than normal.
• 获得的溶血性贫血(also called extrinsic hemolytic anemia) is caused by factors outside the red blood cell, such as antibodies from an autoimmune disorder, burns, or medications. In these conditions, red blood cells are usually healthy when they are produced by the bone marrow, but later they are destroyed directly in the bloodstream or get prematurely trapped and recycled in the spleen.

遗传性溶血性贫血的类型包括：

• sickle cell disease
• thalassemia
• red cell membrane disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary pyropoikliocytosis, hereditary stomatocytosis and hereditary xeocytosis
• 丙酮酸激酶缺乏症（PKD）
• 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（G6PD）缺乏症

Types of acquired hemolytic anemia include:

• immune hemolytic anemia
• autoimmunehemolytic anemia (AIHA)
• alloimmune hemolytic anemia
• 药物诱导的溶血性贫血
• mechanical hemolytic anemias
• 阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿症（PNH）
• 疟疾，巴布西病和其他感染性贫血

How we care for hemolytic anemia

Children and young adults with hemolytic anemia are treated at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center through our血液疾病中心. Our program brings together world-renownpediatric hematology specialistsand support staff from across Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s, including pediatric hematologist/oncologists, hematopathologists, hematology nurse practitioners, social workers and designated hematology patient coordinators. For many appointments and certain procedures, your child can also receive care at one of Boston Children's satellite offices.