Encopresis

什么是encopresis？

Encopresis is the involuntary leaking of feces, most often caused by chronicconstipation。估计有1-3％的儿童在童年时期一次或一次有这个问题。

What are the symptoms of encopresis?

以下是一些迹象表明您的孩子可能会处于便秘或具有封闭式：

• small, frequent bowel movements
• large stools that clog the toilet
• 非自愿的排便或突然的紧迫性
• feces or watery stool in the underwear of an otherwise healthy child
• loss of appetite
• 腹痛

是什么原因造成封闭性？

encopresis通常是慢性便秘的结果，在儿童中很容易忽略。尽管便秘有时确实在家庭中运行，但通常没有明确的原因。

Certain foods, behaviors and situations can contribute to constipation, including:

• 纤维低的“垃圾食品”饮食
• lack of exercise
• stress in the family, with friends, or at school
• change in bathroom routine, such as when a child starts a new school year and bathroom breaks are less frequent
• being too busy to take time to use the bathroom
• painful bowel movements that make the child “hold it” in order to avoid further pain

Children who have never been toilet trained and refuse to have a bowel movement on the toilet are also at risk of developing encopresis.

How does encopresis happen?

便秘会导致儿童的排便硬，干燥，难以通过，并且很大，以至于可以堵塞厕所。当软或液体粪便从直肠泄漏出来时，就会发生封闭性。便秘会以下面的方式导致encopresis：

• A child's stool becomes impacted, which means a large amount of it gets stuck in the rectum and large intestine.
• The impacted stool stretches the rectum and intestine, causing them to become enlarged.
• Eventually, the enlarged rectum and intestine lose their ability to detect the presence of stool. The anal sphincter, the muscle that helps hold stool in, becomes weak.
• Soft stool starts to leak around the impacted stool, soiling the child's underwear and clothes.
• 随着越来越多的粪便收集，握住它变得更加困难，孩子有更多的事故。由于直肠的敏感性降低，孩子甚至可能意识到他们已经发生了事故，直到发生后。

在没有接受过厕所训练或拒绝在厕所上放血的孩子，努力握住凳子的孩子也可能导致便秘和封闭性。

How encopresis can affect a child’s health

encopresis会引起身体和情感问题。

身体问题

• 腹痛，食欲不振和粪便事故
• 尿路bladder infections
• urine accidents during the day or night
• 皮疹和刺激的皮肤
• painful bowel movements

Emotional problems

A child with encopresis can feel ashamed and embarrassed.

父母也可能对孩子的事故感到内gui，羞耻和愤怒。重要的是要了解，encopresis是一个医学问题，而不是可以通过惩罚或纪律改变的行为。

How we care for encopresis

The physicians and nurse practitioners in the胃肠病学，肝和营养学在波士欧宝彩票平台顿，儿童医院是帮助儿童在厕所上定期排便的专家。我们从完整的病史开始，有关厕所培训的问题以及进行彻底的身体检查。在某些情况下，儿童也有腹部X射线为了评估大肠中的粪便量，也可能需要进行血液检查。