Fractures

什么是骨折？

A fracture is a break in the bone that occurs when more force is applied to the bone than the bone can withstand. Fractures are also known as broken bones. Arm bones are fractured more often than other bones.

Common childhood fractures

骨折的症状是什么？

The signs and symptoms of a fracture include:

  • 受伤的肢体疼痛或肿胀
  • obvious deformity in the injured area
  • difficulty using or moving the injured area in a normal manner
  • warmth, bruising or redness in the injured area

Seek medical care right away if your child displays any of symptoms of a fracture.如果您可以看到通过皮肤戳戳的骨骼，请不要移动您的孩子并立即致电911。

What are the risks for fractures?

骨折通常与体育事故有关，从高度落下，自行车和汽车事故。营养不佳，钙的饮食低，肥胖都可以增加孩子的骨折风险。

How are a child’s bones different from adult bones?

孩子的骨头整天都在生长。这种增长潜力使儿童的骨骼能够“重塑”或自然纠正由骨折引起的部分或全部畸形。由于儿童的骨骼正在增长，而与成人骨骼相比，它们也以不同的模式突破。

Children’s bones are more flexible

生长骨骼倾向于在突破之前扣紧或弯曲，这通常会导致独特的骨折图案。例如，骨骼的一侧可以弯曲，导致agreenstick (bending) fracture。或骨骼的一侧可以扣紧并变得凹陷，导致一个buckle fracture。

孩子们有脆弱的增长板材

Children have soft areas of cartilage at the ends of their bones, called growth plates, where growth takes place. These areas of growth are often at risk when a child suffers a fracture. Growth plates can be injured at any stage of development, but are more common in early adolescence, when growth plates are in their final stage of growth.

孩子的骨头愈合得更快

一层厚厚的结缔组织（称为PELIOSTEUM）围绕儿童的骨骼并防止骨骼免受伤害和骨折。该组织为骨骼提供血液供应。如果骨折，身体使用这种血液供应来替换受损细胞并治愈骨骼。随着孩子们的成长到成年期，他们的骨膜倾向于稀疏并提供较少的支持。这就是为什么成年人的骨骼比儿童的骨骼慢慢愈合。

What are the different types of fractures?

Bones fracture in a variety of different ways. Most fractures result from mild to moderate trauma, such as a fall or a direct blow while a child is playing or participating in sports. If there’s more force applied to the bone than the bone can absorb, it will break or buckle. The amount and type of force will affect the type of fracture.

Non-displaced fractures

由于非流离失所的裂缝，骨通常在可接受的位置保持对齐以进行愈合。这种骨折通常用A处理夹板，支撑或铸造。This immobilizes the injured bone, promotes healing, and reduces pain and swelling.

The following kinds of fractures can be treated with a splint, brace, or cast:

一个illustration of non-displaced fractures

  • Single non-displaced fractures:骨裂缝或休息，但保持到位。
  • 压力骨折（发际线骨折）:骨骼中的微小裂缝形式，通常是由于过度使用或重复的应力轴承运动。在跑道或参加体操或舞蹈的儿童中，压力骨折是常见的。
  • 圆环或扣骨折:骨骼的一侧弯曲（扣）自身。骨头弯曲但没有破碎。这是一种常见的童年伤害，通常由简单的堕落结果产生。

Displaced fractures

When a fracture is displaced, the ends of the bone have come out of alignment. In such cases, the broken bone needs to be set back into alignment so it will heal properly. This is called areduction.减少后，受伤的肢体以支撑，夹板或施放在骨骼愈合时固定。如果减少不成功，可能需要其他治疗。

流离失所骨折的类型包括：

一个illustration of displaced fractures

  • 一个gulated fractures:破碎骨的两端彼此成角
  • Translated fractures:The ends of the bone have shifted out of alignment
  • 旋转骨折：The bone spun (rotated) when it broke.
  • Greenstick fractures:One side of the bone is broken, causing the other side to bend. A greenstick fracture resembles a broken tree branch. The branch cracks on one side but remains partially intact on the other.

Other severe fractures

Some fractures require reduction or surgery, or the bone will not heal properly. Examples include:

严重骨折的插图

  • 粉碎骨折：骨折已经破碎成两个以上的碎片，不再适当地排列。
  • 压缩骨折：骨骼在压力下坍塌。当涉及关节表面时，这是最严重的。
一个illustration of a growth plate fracture

生长板骨折

生长板骨折are typically caused by great force during sports or playground accidents. Depending on the seriousness of the fracture, they may be treated with a splint, cast, or walking boot. Some serious growth plate fractures require surgery.

在极少数情况下，生长板骨折可以减缓受影响的腿或臂的生长。对生长板的损伤也可能导致肢体以错误的角度生长。当外科医生在儿童破碎的肢体上运作时，它们必须尽可能地保护生长板。

开放和封闭的骨折

骨折分为开放或closed. Aclosed fracture骨骼破裂时发生，但皮肤保持完整。一个open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the broken bone breaks through the skin. Open fractures are rare. They can become infected if not treated appropriately and require immediate surgical attention.

开放和闭合的骨折的例证

我们如何关心骨折

Every year theOrthopedics and Sports Medicine Center在波士欧宝彩票平台顿儿童医院享用成千上万的儿童，青少年和年轻人，骨折所有复杂性。由于我们的儿科专业知识，我们可以精确地诊断与生长肌肉骨骼系统相关的条件和最佳护理计划。

At ourOrthopedic Urgent Care Clinics, we care for injuries that require prompt medical attention but are not serious enough to need emergency room care. We offer urgent care services in four locations:波士顿,Waltham,皮博迪， 和韦茅斯。

患者资源

Our experts in orthopedic care have created a series of helpful guides that cover different types of fractures, clinical treatment, home care, and expected recovery times.

肩膀，上臂

Elbow

Forearm

手，手腕

Lower leg

脚踝，脚